2nd photo: The school in Lahtora was crowded and cold, so classes were held outside.
3rd photo: A teacher watched as her students took a math quiz. Among the poorest 20 percent of Indian men, half are illiterate, and barely 2 percent graduate from high school, according to government data.
4th photo: Two teachers at the school were absent on this day, and one teacher's aide had shown up more than an hour late, with a crying baby in her arms. Many parents in this largely Muslim village chose Islamic schools because they were seen to offer better discipline.
